Bonjour Marie-Agnes, Janice et Jean-Claude! Hello again from Scotland!
Hotel Marbella, Biarritz – September 2010 © Scotiana 2010
Please let me begin today, Marie-Agnes et Jean-Claude, by recalling that joyful, sunny day in late summer when Margaret and I met you for the first time, at Biarritz on the Atlantic coast. 
From the deserted street on a quiet Sunday morning, you appeared as if by magic at the doorway of Hotel Marbella; and what an unforgettable day we spent together! Although it feels like only yesterday, weeks have now passed – and last Saturday we re-set our clocks and watches to ‘winter’ time.
Janice, Jean-Claude, Marie-Agnes, it’s now a little over a year since we exchanged messages on the distinguished writer and broadcaster, Sir Ludovic Kennedy, who had just died – and who brings us to our tale! (Sir Ludovic died on 18th October, 2009, aged 89. He’d been married for 56 years to the ballerina Moira Shearer, star of the film ‘The Red Shoes,’ who predeceased him.)
Moira Shearer & Ludovic Kennedy (Source: www.dailymail.co.uk)
“I can’t think of anyone in the media more universally admired,” I remember writing. He was a charismatic and most attractive figure, as one might say in French, ‘un monsieur fort sympathique.’ Throughout his life, he campaigned against injustice in criminal cases. We quoted a sentence or two, I think, from the introductory pages to Ludovic Kennedy’s book, Thirty-six Murders and Two Immoral Earnings (a fascinating book, giving an account of Kennedy’s lifework in exposing injustices).
Belgrave Crescent Edinburgh – Source: Google 2010
Thirty-Six Murders & Two Immoral Earnings by Ludovic Kennedy
“The starting-point of my life-long obsession with miscarriages of criminal justice may be said to have been the library of my grandfather’s house in Belgrave Crescent, Edinburgh .. ” (Grandfather was an eminent lawyer.) “Between the ages of about 11 to 15, I used to spend a part of my Christmas holidays at Belgrave Crescent .. ”
Sir Ludovic then described how his favourite meal of the day had been the generous afternoon tea, served in the library at a quarter to five. With the new electric lamps lit, the heavy curtains drawn against the drizzle and gloom outdoors, Helen, the maid, would enter in turn with two enormous trays, laden with toast, scones, oatcakes, shortbread, gingerbread; and silver pots of both Indian and China tea!
After the meal, young Ludovic would mount the step-ladder to the library’s topmost shelves, where were housed the handsome red volumes of Notable British Trials. Perched on its top step, he would sit entranced for hours, reading of Madeleine Smith and Pierre L’Angelier, Dr Crippen or Oscar Slater ..
Square Mile of Murder by Jack House
It was now the early 1930′s, and e v e r y o n e had heard of Oscar Slater, for during the preceding 20 years, scarcely a day had passed without some mention of his name in the newspapers. Slater had finally been released from prison in 1927, after serving more than 18 years for the brutal murder in Glasgow of a lady of 82, a crime of which he was entirely innocent.
Waiting to meet him at the gates of Peterhead Prison was his friend, Rabbi Phillips (Slater was from a Jewish family, born in Germany in 1872). The Rabbi took Slater to his home in Glasgow, and showed him such kindness that he burst into tears. “Even the sight of a tablecloth on the table was wonderful to a man who’d suffered so much,” wrote Jack House (1906-1991) in Square Mile of Murder (W & R Chambers, 1961; etc) – one of the best accounts of the Slater case that I’ve come across. Please try to see it. Prison conditions were extremely harsh in the 1920′s; discipline was strict and enforced, ultimately, by flogging with the birch rod.
Chers Amis, I’m sure you’ll understand that I can tell here only briefly, the story of a case about which so much has been written over the past 100 years. The whole Slater affair began in the winter of 1908, when, just four days before Christmas, a wealthy old Glasgow lady was found horribly beaten in her flat at 15 Queen’s Terrace (part of West Princes Street, close to St George’s Cross).
Miss Marion Gilchrist’s House in Glasgow, on West Princes Street, formerly Queen’s Terrace – Google 2010
Miss Marion Gilchrist
It was said that Miss Marion Gilchrist – 82 years of age, and in rapidly failing health – had inherited from her father a fortune of between 40 and 80 thousand pounds (in today’s terms, a sum of between four and eight m i l l i o n pounds) – and that she had changed her will just a short time previously, in order to disinherit members of her own family with whom she was not on good terms.
Miss Gilchrist lived simply but comfortably, with only her maid, Helen (Nellie) Lambie for company. She kept a large collection of diamond jewellery in the flat, and had become extremely anxious about her personal security. About seven o’clock one Monday evening, just after Nellie had gone out to buy a newspaper, Miss Gilchrist was attacked and beaten to death in her dining-room by an intruder. The murder weapon was a heavy mahogany chair; possibly also a metal auger which the killer had brought into the first-floor flat.
As far as the police were concerned, suspicion fell immediately upon Oscar Slater, a ‘foreign-looking’ man of 36, who had just made plans to sail to the USA; this was portrayed at Slater’s trial as a ‘flight from justice’. (Slater was arrested as the ‘Lusitania’ approached New York harbour, and naively insisted on returning to Scotland to clear his name. If only he could have foreseen the future!)
Oscar Slater
It’s thought that Slater had already come to the attention of the Glasgow police before the murder, although he’d been in the city for little more than seven weeks. He’d tried to earn a living in New York and in London; here he’d met his female companion, a young French woman by the name of Andree Junio Antoine. Slater and Miss Antoine rented an upstairs flat at 69 St George’s Road, part of a handsome red sandstone property known as ‘Charing Cross Mansions’ – located just 400 yards from the scene of the murder. While Oscar Slater spent his days in gambling clubs, and occasionally dealing in jewellery, Miss Antoine received gentlemen visitors to the flat under the name of ‘Madame Junio.’ Slater himself used several aliases; the plate on the door read: ‘A. Anderson, Dentist’.
By any standard, Slater’s trial at the High Court in Edinburgh was a travesty of justice. The evidence produced against him was very weak, much of it depending upon identification. The Lord Advocate, Alexander Ure, who – unusually – led the prosecution personally, lost no opportunity to blacken the character and reputation of Slater. Even the judge, Lord Guthrie, suggested to the jury that ‘a man of
t h a t type’ – meaning Slater – had no right to rely upon the usual presumption of innocence.
Edinburgh High court of Justice Source: Wikipedia
Slater did not speak during his trial; it was thought that his heavy German accent might prejudice the jury against him. After four days of ‘evidence,’ Slater was found guilty as charged, the jury voting by nine to six in favour of convicting him. [Marie-Agnes, Jean-Claude, Janice, you may find it surprising that there is no need for a jury to be unanimous in a Scottish criminal trial (as would be the case in England). A simple majority - even a majority of one - is sufficient to convict the accused.]
To say that Slater was shocked by the verdict would be an understatement. Now his voice was heard: “My Lord, may I say one word? Will you allow me to speak? .. .. I know nothing about the affair. You are convicting an innocent man. .. .. I came over from America .. .. to Scotland, to get a fair judgment. I know nothing about the affair, absolutely nothing. I never heard the name. .. .. I know nothing about it . .. .. I can say no more.” Lord Guthrie made no observation on this statement. He put on the ‘black cap’ and sentenced Oscar Slater to be hanged on Thursday, 27th May. (Executions usually took place within the old Duke Street Prison in Glasgow. The tall perimeter wall of this old jail still stands in High Street, just south of Cathedral Square.) Death by hanging was the mandatory punishment for murder.
Oscar Slater by Thomas Toughill
Such was the public outcry that Slater’s sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. (Actually, a Royal Pardon had been granted by King Edward, but this fact was kept secret for many years.) Now began Slater’s long incarceration in Peterhead Prison, and the long agitation to have him set free.
Officialdom held tenaciously to the original jury’s verdict, narrow as the majority had been. Even at his appeal in 1928 (before the new Court of Criminal Appeal, and by which time he was at last at liberty) Slater’s conviction was n o t quashed; rather, it was ‘set aside’ because the judge was held to have misdirected the jury. To put it more simply, it was conceded that Oscar Slater had not received a fair trial.
Slater had accepted an offer of six thousand pounds (about 300 thousand pounds, today) by way of compensation for his wrongful conviction and imprisonment. Thinking to make a fresh start, he moved to a new bungalow in the Clyde-coast town of Ayr (which since at least 1910 had had a small Hebrew Congregation).
St Phillan’s road, Ayr, Scotland – Google 2010
Here, in St Phillan’s Avenue, he lived quietly, marrying again in 1936, and by all accounts was popular in the town. He and his wife were briefly interned at the start of the Second World War, as they still held German citizenship. Oscar Slater died in 1948, but this brought no end to an affair that had excited controversy for 40 years.
William Roughead Trial of Oscar Slater Wm Hodge (Edinburgh), 1950
William Roughead
William Roughead (1870-1952) the Scottish solicitor and criminologist, produced the first book on the Slater case in 1910 (The Trial of Oscar Slater.) With his vivid, lively style of writing, Roughead has been considered one of the founders of the modern ‘true crime’ genre. ( Young Ludovic Kennedy probably read the 1925, revised, edition of Roughead’s book in the ‘Notable British Trials’ series.) But, even in 1910, reviews of Roughead’s account of the trial – especially those in the English press – betrayed much feeling that an injustice had been done. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, never an admirer of Slater, leapt to his defence in the Letters pages of The Times.
The True Crime Files of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle – Berkley Publishing Group (2001)
Conan Doyle, in turn, produced a short book of his own, based on Roughead’s work, intended to have a mass sale and to arouse public opinion in aid of Slater (The Case of Oscar Slater, 1912, Hodder & Stoughton.) For the first time, prominence was given to the idea that the purpose of the attack upon Miss Gilchrist was not the stealing of jewellery, but rather of some important document, such as her will.
Glasgow Police Officer John Thomson Trench
In any account of the Slater case, long or short, tribute must be paid to the memory of Detective Lieutenant John Thomson Trench, the heroic and upright Glasgow police officer who, at tremendous cost to himself, did all in his power to help the unjustly condemned German. One of the country’s most brilliant detectives, Trench sought the protection of the Scottish Secretary of the day before sharing information on the case with William Park, a writer and journalist with the Evening Times in Glasgow. But the politician betrayed him ; Trench was sacked in disgrace from the police, with loss of his superannuation – then prosecuted on a trumped-up charge. John Thomson Trench went on to serve with distinction in the First World War, dying in 1919 at the age of 50.
William Park’s book The Truth about Oscar Slater came out in 1927, by which time the pressure to release Slater was becoming irresistible ; he had already served considerably more than the 15 years usually demanded of those sentenced to life imprisonment. About this time, Slater had the idea of appealing directly to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Employed in the prison’s bookbinding workshop, he wrote a message on a scrap of glossy paper, which was then rolled into a tiny ball and hidden under the tongue of a fellow prisoner about to be discharged. This man took the message to Conan Doyle in London . “Please try again. Oscar Slater,” it said simply.
Jean-Claude, Janice, Marie-Agnes, the newest book (that I know) on the Slater case is also the most revealing – please try to see it, especially for the sake of the excellent photographs. (The original hardbound edition has 24 pages of pictures, many from the Scottish Record Office.)
Oscar Slater - The Mystery Solved by Thomas Toughill (Canongate, 1993. ISBN 0862414512)
The following interview, given by Thomas Toughill to Bruce McKain, legal correspondent of The Herald newspaper (Glasgow) on 7th October 1992, gives an overview of the thesis advanced in his book.
Thomas Toughill author of Oscar Slater: The Immortal Case of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Toughill’s conclusions are devastating. If he is correct, the Slater case was no mere miscarriage of justice, but a m o n s t r o u s c o n s p i r a c y, breathtaking in its audacity, that extended to the highest levels of the Scottish legal establishment.
“(Alexander Ure) .. was involved in the investigation into Miss Gilchrist from the very outset .. .. he was involved in the protection of his Charteris friends (the nephews whom Miss Gilchrist wished to disinherit) from the very beginning .. .. it was Ure’s influence .. .. which accounts for the actions of the Procurator Fiscal and the Glasgow police .. .. before and after Slater’s return from America. .. .. It would have been unthinkable to the conspirators that the sons of a professor (and .. nephews of a scion of the Church of Scotland) (that is, the Charteris brothers) would have been publicly involved in a murder case .. .. “
To my mind, had this book appeared 80 years ago, it would, without doubt, have brought down the government of the day – as, I think, the Dreyfus case did in France – and shaken Scottish society to its foundations. Each generation, it seems to me, must learn afresh the lessons of this appalling story.
Oscar Slater – 1908 – Signet Library
A Bientot, Marie-Agnes, Jean-Claude et Janice!
Iain.
PS: Read more -> Reflections on the Oscar Slater Affair
Hello, saw reference to Oscar Slater in a Josephine Tey novel, The Franchise Affair.
I am interested in wrongful conviction and have been researching the Dreyfus Affair as there is a case ongoing here in Ottawa, Canada, wherein a successful Muslim man has been requested for extradition by France for something that occurred thirty years ago in Paris. Evidence is based on one handwriting sample from a hotel registry card and on hearsay which could be the result of “evidence” being tortured from an unidentified person.
The defense believes that the name given, that of Professor Hassan Diab, is mistaken identity.
If Dr. Diab is extradited, he will be charged with the murder of four people killed in a bomb blast outside a Parisian synagogue on Copernic St. in 1980.
The case has been before Judge Maranger at the court house here in Ottawa over December and is expected to be ended by mid-January 2011.
We are hopeful that there will not be a travesty of justice.
Hello, Shannon -
Thank you for your comment, and for your interest in the Scotiana website.
I’m not familiar with the case to which you refer, but it does sound like a difficult one. Unfortunately, extradition treaties seem to be the subject of separate negotiation between each pair of nations, with no common standard. (There is much feeling at present, here in the UK, that our extradition arrangements with the USA are unfair; the Americans can request extradition of British citizens on mere ‘suspicion,’ without showing evidence.)
Surely the first duty of any national government is towards its own citizens? Let us hope, therefore, that the Government of Canada has in place fair extradition arrangements that depend upon sound and compelling evidence; for while an extradition hearing is not a final trial, the procedure of extradition to a foreign country is immensely disruptive to the individual concerned.
(The question of extradition was, ultimately, irrelevant in the case of poor Oscar Slater – who insisted on returning from the US to clear his name, such was his touching faith in Scottish justice!)
I join you in hoping that Dr Diab will be treated fairly.
With best wishes for 2011 from everyone at Scotiana!
Iain.
i Iain,
Intersting to see your post on Oscar Slater.
I am presenting a piece on the case at the West End Lectures at Glasgow University on 15 March 2011.
The lecturer is Clare Connely of the Law School.
If you have any photos or other material we could use, I’d be very pleased to have it.
You are invited to the lecture in any event.
Just get back to me at the above email.
Regards
Colin
Hello, Colin -
Thank you for your interest in our website, and for your kind invitation to the West End Lecture on Slater. I hope to be able to attend.
I understand that the popular West End Lectures are organised by the Friends of Glasgow West, an amenity group established primarily to preserve and enhance the built environment of the West End of Glasgow Conservation Area.
My own interest in the Slater affair has been heightened by the fact that the flats featuring in the story still survive from 1908/09. As a student in Glasgow, I knew these addresses well.
Although the lovely old Grand Hotel was lost when Charing Cross was redeveloped to accommodate the M8 motorway, it’s fortunate that at least some of the more handsome red sandstone buildings remain. Among them, within Charing Cross Mansions, is the flat that Slater and Miss Antoine briefly rented – at the corner of Woodlands Road, above the furniture showrooms occupied for many years by Messrs Stuart & Stuart.
We’ve many fond memories of Glasgow, and enjoy coming back occasionally.
On behalf of the team at Scotiana, I’d like to send you our kindest regards and our very best wishes for 2011.
Iain.
A particularly interesting piece on the Slater affair re wrongful conviction and equally good to see this being discussed in lecture halls of law schools across the country.
Having a criminal law practice in Edinburgh trying to prevent any wrongful convictions, we’d be delighted to read or hear more on this.
Best wishes, McSporrans, Criminal Defence Lawyers in Edinburgh
McSporrans Criminal Lawyers Edinburgh´s last [type] ..Edinburgh Solicitors & Legal Aid Lawyers
Good day, Ladies and Gentlemen – Thank you for your kind comments, and for your interest in our website.
Have you seen our second post on this, “Reflections on the Oscar Slater Affair”? I doubt that there’s any more fascinating and deeply shocking case in all of Scottish criminal history – at times I’ve felt that words were hardly adequate to describe the enormity of what happened.
I’m deeply indebted to Mr Thomas Toughill for unpicking the strands of this tangled web. (I do recommend his original Canongate book, “Oscar Slater – The Mystery Solved”. Excellent photographs.) Mr Toughill is in no doubt that Alexander Ure, the Lord Advocate no less, conceived of a plan, breathtaking in its audacity, to protect his privileged friends (the Charteris brothers) by convicting a man whom he knew to be innocent, so that they might secure with impunity the murder of Miss Gilchrist. As she effectively died intestate, the brothers shared in her estate – which today would be valued in millions of pounds.
The Glasgow police were implicated in the conspiracy at the highest level, as was the Lanarkshire Procurator Fiscal, James Neil Hart. Thomas Toughill details the monstrous perjury committed by Inspector John Pyper of Glasgow police at Slater’s trial.
Is it conceivable that no-one, no highly-placed person in all of Scotland, suspected Ure’s involvement in this outrage? He went on to become a judge (Lord Strathclyde) and a Privy Councillor.
As the awful truth began to dawn, the response was a massive, officially-sanctioned cover-up. Only in 1989 – 80 years after the travesty of Slater’s trial – were the last of the papers released on this uniquely shocking case.
It was a story that politicians feared to tell – yet one that now must never be forgotten.
With all best wishes from the team at Scotiana!
Iain.
OSCAR SLATER’S SHOES
This story I tell,
is of a man locked in a cell
for twenty years for things he didn’t do
While Justice was denied
In a cell eight paces wide
he’d walk up and down, bitter through and through.
Oscar Slater was his name
and they said he was to blame
and yet they knew that this wasn’t true
But he’d been charged and tried,
sentenced to die
Come walk a mile in Oscar Slater’s shoes
————————————————————————
From the Port of New York
He was taken to the dock
charged with Murder and fleeing from the scene
He was Identified
by witnesses who lied
put him in places he had never been
Yet the Truth he never feared
and so he volunteered
To come to Glasgow Innocence to prove
But he was taken straight to jail
no freedom and no bail
Come walk a mile in Oscar Slater’s shoes
————————————————————————
Convicted by majority
by lies and conspiracy
he was sentenced to hang from the noose
yet the police and others knew
that this verdict was not true
They conspired to keep another on the loose
But letters twenty thousand strong
all said that this was wrong
and that Oscar was wrongly accused
A Secret Pardon was produced
his sentence was reduced
to twenty years in Oscar Slater shoes
————————————————————————
So many years were spent
locked up whilst innocent
complaining always that he should be free
News of his case
well it spread throughout the place
people calling for his liberty
Official enquiries turned him down
in favour of the crown
and their blindness, he could not excuse
So he walked his cell at night
determined to fight
eight miles, eight paces
Oscar Slater’s shoes
————————————————————————
Conan Doyle wrote of the shame
of the case that bore his name
saying he was not the man the witness saw
John Trench, he made a plea
got kicked off the CID
fitted up and slandered by the law
But an argument so strong
would surely right this wrong
and eventually his innocence was proved
in 1927 he was released
he stepped out with relief
just glad to walk in Oscar Slater’s Shoes
————————————————————————
Then the judges set him free
on the technicality
that the jury members were misled
No other culprit named
nobody ever blamed
for sending him away to Peterhead
So he did all of that time
for someone else’s crime
No eveidence, just a German Jew
and eight paces he still walked
he marks his days in chalk
come walk a mile in Oscar Slater’s shoes
Who is responsible for Oscar Slater’s Shoes
Just Put yopurself in Oscar Slater’s Shoes
Words and music by Jim McGinley
I am a psychiatrist in the USA (Detroit, Michigan area) and am doing research on Oscar Slater. I am interested in obtaining a recording of the song Oscar Slater’s Shoes.
Thank you
Philip Parker M.D.
Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, (Detroit Michigan)
Philip,
whilst I wrote the song a number of years ago there is no recording as yet.
However, I have now made arrangements to make a recording and I will make sure that you are sent a copy.
Regards and best wishes
Jim McGinley
If possible I would like to contact Ian (son of Nancy Stark) grandson of John Thomson Trench who would be a fourth cousin.
Thanks,
Alf Holliday
Hello,
I’m hoping you can help.
I’m wondering if you know of any photographs taken at the Oscar Slater trial in 1909.
I have a photographic collection from that period and I’m trying to authenticate it.
Thanks
Kind Regards
Malc
ps – I also scored a film and a documentary on Conan Doyle for the BBC!
–
Hello, Malcolm -
Thank you for your comment. I’m sorry, I can’t help much, but you may know that Thomas Toughill’s book contains a few Press photos from the trial.
Photography is not permitted today in Scottish courtrooms. Does any reader happen to know when – and for that matter, why – the ban was introduced, for our law courts are, as a rule, open to the public?
Kind regards from the team at Scotiana,
Iain.
I live in Australia and my grandfather, Ebenexer Gilchrist was the nephew of Miss Gilchrist. My Grandfather emigrated from Scotland first to South Africa, then New Zealand finally Australia. My mother told me the story of the murder of Miss Gilchrist and how Oscar Slater was condemned to death and I believed he had been hangedt for a crime he had not committed. As a result of this belief I have opposed capital punishment. I was pleased to read he was released from jail which then makes me ask the question “Who murdered my great, great aunt?” We always believed the motive was burgularly as she was a wealthy woman.
My Great Grandfather was disowned by his family has he disobeyed them and married a servant of the household, Agnes MacGregor. The family set him up in a carpentry business and then claimed his body when he died for burial. I believe my Great Grandmother could not go to the funeral. His sister Marion was the only one who kept in contact with them. I would be very interested in finding out more about the family and the murder
Thank you
claudia Cunningham
Qld, Australia
Hello, Claudia -
Greetings from Scotland! Thank you for your interest in Scotiana – our readers will be intrigued to know that you have a family connection to Miss Marion Gilchrist, the old lady who was so savagely battered to death.
My understanding is that (as reported in the Daily Record and other newspapers of the time) Miss Gilchrist inherited on the death of her father a sum of between £30,000 and £40,000 – at today’s values, between three and four million pounds. Miss Gilchrist lived quite simply, although she had a passion for collecting diamond jewellery and kept many pieces hidden within her flat. On the evening of her murder, only one brooch was taken.
To know more of the murder, I would refer you especially to the two books by Thomas Toughill – ‘Oscar Slater – The Mystery Solved’ (Canongate, 1993) and ‘Oscar Slater, The Immortal Case of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’ (Sutton Publishing, 2006). Mr Toughill writes with the benefit of research that became possible only after the last of the documents concerning the case were released. They had been kept secret for 80 years. One might reasonably surmise that there had been more than a little to hide – ‘no smoke without fire’, we say.
I urge you to read all that you can about the Oscar Slater affair, and to pass the books on to others in your family. Far from being ‘just another murder’ – and a particularly brutal one – it is a case without parallel in all of Scottish criminal history.
(By the way, someone at Dumfries and Galloway Family History Society (dgfhs.org.uk) may well be able to help you with research in SW Scotland.)
Thank you again for your Comment. Please feel free to get in touch with us again.
With kind regards from all of the team,
Iain.